Evolution of Architectural Styles | History of Architecture

Let us now move on with a brief discussion on Roman Architecture, Early Christian Architecture and Byzantine Architecture…

Roman Architecture (300BC to 365AD) (Preceded by Etruscans)

Certain aspects in Roman Architecture were influenced by the Greek Architectural style. Romans did take a few aspects from Greek Architecture but invented a totally different architectural styles.

Etruscans were preceded by Romans. Romans were indebted to the Etruscans for supplying them with knowledge on Structural systems. Etruscans had immense knowledge of Hydraulics and construction of arches.

Later on, with the development of newer and better materials, Roman Architecture took a new form.

The population of Rome was increasing which forced the designers of Rome to figure out new architectural solutions to cope with the growing problem. They constructed vaults and arches and had sound knowledge of building materials which helped them achieve great success in the construction of huge structures for general public use.

Roman Aqueducts are a very popular example of Roman engineering marvel. There were eleven aqueducts in the Rome itself. They were built over a period of 500 years. This is how the saying “Rome was not built in a day” is internationally popular.

Aqueduct of Segovia is one of the most significant and best preserved ancient monuments.

Early Christian Architecture (313AD to 800AD)

Early Christian Architecture revival took place in the 4th century. The Christians wanted to build larger and more spacious edifices for worship. They thought that the meeting places that they used were not royal and spacious enough as a place for worship.

Christians modified the interiors of the existing basilicas in the Early Christian Architectural Style. Santa Sabina, Rome is one of the major examples.

Byzantine Architecture (330AD to 1453AD and later)

Byzantine Architecture evolved in the Byzantine Empire. After 330AD, the Byzantine Empire came to known as Roman empire. The Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire from Rome to Byzantium.

Roman Architectural features were used in the Early Byzantine Architecture with grace. The design was buildings gradually started turning into a complex affair. The geometric complexity was increasing with the increasing technology and the understanding of the people.

Earlier only stones were used for construction and covered with limestone. But the scenario seemed to have changed. Brick and plaster were used in addition to stone for decoration of the public structures. The carved decoration was replaced with intricate mosaic work. Complex domical structures were constructed which rested upon massive piers of the structure.

The Pammakaristos Church in Constantinople is one of the popular examples of Byzantine Architecture.